/*************************************************************************************************** Zyan Disassembler Library (Zydis) Original Author : Joel Höner * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all * copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE * SOFTWARE. ***************************************************************************************************/ #include #include #include #include #include /* ============================================================================================== */ /* Internal context and table types */ /* ============================================================================================== */ typedef uint32_t ZydisSemanticOperandTypeMask; struct ZydisPrefixAcceptMapping { uint64_t has; uint64_t accepts; } static const prefixAcceptMap[] = { { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_LOCK, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_LOCK }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REP, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_REP }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REPE, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_REPE }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REPZ, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_REPZ }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REPNE, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_REPNE }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REPNZ, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_REPNZ }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_BOUND, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_BOUND }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_XACQUIRE, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_XACQUIRE }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_XRELEASE, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_XRELEASE }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_BRANCH_HINTS }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_BRANCH_TAKEN, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_BRANCH_HINTS }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_SEGMENT }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_CS, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_SEGMENT }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_SS, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_SEGMENT }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_DS, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_SEGMENT }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_ES, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_SEGMENT }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_FS, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_SEGMENT }, { ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_GS, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_SEGMENT }, //{ ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_OPERANDSIZE, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_OPERANDSIZE }, //{ ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_ADDRESSSIZE, ZYDIS_ATTRIB_ACCEPTS_ADDRESSSIZE }, }; /** * @brief The encoder context struct. */ typedef struct ZydisEncoderContext_ { uint8_t* buffer; size_t bufferLen; size_t writeOffs; const ZydisEncoderRequest* req; const ZydisEncodableInstruction* matchingInsn; const ZydisInstructionDefinition* matchingDef; uint8_t matchingOperandCount; const ZydisOperandDefinition* matchingOperands; ZydisInstructionAttributes derivedAttrs; ZydisBool emitMandatoryPrefix; uint8_t mandatoryPrefix; uint8_t dispBitSize; uint64_t disp; uint8_t immBitSizes[2]; uint64_t imms[2]; uint8_t opcodeMapPrefixLen; uint8_t opcodeMapPrefix[3]; struct { uint8_t opcode; struct { uint8_t W; uint8_t R; uint8_t X; uint8_t B; } rex; struct { uint8_t R; uint8_t X; uint8_t B; uint8_t m_mmmm; uint8_t W; uint8_t vvvv; uint8_t L; uint8_t pp; } xop; struct { uint8_t R; uint8_t X; uint8_t B; uint8_t m_mmmm; uint8_t W; uint8_t vvvv; uint8_t L; uint8_t pp; } vex; struct { uint8_t R; uint8_t X; uint8_t B; uint8_t R2; uint8_t mm; uint8_t W; uint8_t vvvv; uint8_t pp; uint8_t z; uint8_t L2; uint8_t L; uint8_t b; uint8_t V2; uint8_t aaa; } evex; struct { uint8_t R; uint8_t X; uint8_t B; uint8_t R2; uint8_t mmmm; uint8_t W; uint8_t vvvv; uint8_t pp; uint8_t E; uint8_t SSS; uint8_t V2; uint8_t kkk; } mvex; struct { uint8_t mod; uint8_t reg; uint8_t rm; } modrm; struct { uint8_t scale; uint8_t index; uint8_t base; } sib; struct { int64_t value; uint8_t size; uint8_t offset; } disp; struct { ZydisBool isSigned; ZydisBool isRelative; union { uint64_t u; int64_t s; } value; uint8_t size; uint8_t offset; } imm[2]; } raw; } ZydisEncoderContext; /* ============================================================================================== */ /* Internal helpers */ /* ============================================================================================== */ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Byte stream output functions. Those are the only funcs that access the output stream directly. */ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static ZydisStatus ZydisEmitImm(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx, uint64_t imm, int bits) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(bits == 8 || bits == 16 || bits == 32 || bits == 64); size_t newWriteOffs = ctx->writeOffs + bits / 8; if (newWriteOffs >= ctx->bufferLen) { return ZYDIS_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER_SIZE; } if (newWriteOffs > ZYDIS_MAX_INSTRUCTION_LENGTH) { return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO } // TODO: bswap on big-endian switch (bits) { case 8: *(uint8_t* )&ctx->buffer[ctx->writeOffs] = (uint8_t )imm; break; case 16: *(uint16_t*)&ctx->buffer[ctx->writeOffs] = (uint16_t)imm; break; case 32: *(uint32_t*)&ctx->buffer[ctx->writeOffs] = (uint32_t)imm; break; case 64: *(uint64_t*)&ctx->buffer[ctx->writeOffs] = (uint64_t)imm; break; default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } ctx->writeOffs = newWriteOffs; return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisEmitByte(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx, uint8_t byte) { return ZydisEmitImm(ctx, byte, 8); } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Byte code encoding functions. Translate prepared data to final format. */ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static ZydisStatus ZydisEmitLegacyPrefixes(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); ZydisInstructionAttributes attribs = ctx->req->attributes; if (attribs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_LOCK) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0xF0)); } if (attribs & (ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REP | ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REPE | ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_XRELEASE)) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0xF3)); } if (attribs & (ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REPNE | ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_BOUND | ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_XACQUIRE)) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0xF2)); } if (attribs & (ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN | ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_CS)) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0x2E)); } if (attribs & (ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_BRANCH_TAKEN | ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_DS)) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0x3E)); } if (attribs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_SS) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0x36)); } if (attribs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_ES) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0x26)); } if (attribs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_FS) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0x64)); } if (attribs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_GS) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0x65)); } if (attribs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_OPERANDSIZE) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0x66)); } if (attribs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_ADDRESSSIZE) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0x67)); } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisEmitREX(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte( ctx, 0x40 | (ctx->raw.rex.W & 0x01) << 3 | (ctx->raw.rex.R & 0x01) << 2 | (ctx->raw.rex.X & 0x01) << 1 | (ctx->raw.rex.B & 0x01) << 0 )); return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisEmitVEX(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); // Can we use short 2-byte VEX encoding? if (ctx->raw.vex.X == 0 && ctx->raw.vex.B == 0 && ctx->raw.vex.W == 0 && ctx->raw.vex.m_mmmm == 1) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0xC5)); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte( ctx, (~ctx->raw.vex.R & 0x01) << 7 | (~ctx->raw.vex.vvvv & 0x0F) << 3 | ( ctx->raw.vex.L & 0x01) << 2 | ( ctx->raw.vex.pp & 0x03) << 0 )); } // Nope, use 3-byte VEX. else { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0xC4)); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte( ctx, (~ctx->raw.vex.R & 0x01) << 7 | (~ctx->raw.vex.X & 0x01) << 6 | (~ctx->raw.vex.B & 0x01) << 5 | ( ctx->raw.vex.m_mmmm & 0x1F) << 0 )); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte( ctx, ( ctx->raw.vex.W & 0x01) << 7 | (~ctx->raw.vex.vvvv & 0x0F) << 3 | ( ctx->raw.vex.L & 0x01) << 2 | ( ctx->raw.vex.pp & 0x03) << 0 )); } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisEmitEVEX(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0x62)); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte( ctx, (ctx->raw.evex.R & 0x01) << 7 | (ctx->raw.evex.X & 0x01) << 6 | (ctx->raw.evex.B & 0x01) << 5 | (ctx->raw.evex.R2 & 0x01) << 4 | (ctx->raw.evex.mm & 0x03) << 0 )); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte( ctx, (ctx->raw.evex.W & 0x01) << 7 | (ctx->raw.evex.vvvv & 0x0F) << 3 | (ctx->raw.evex.pp & 0x03) << 0 )); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte( ctx, (ctx->raw.evex.z & 0x01) << 7 | (ctx->raw.evex.L2 & 0x01) << 6 | (ctx->raw.evex.L & 0x01) << 5 | (ctx->raw.evex.b & 0x01) << 4 | (ctx->raw.evex.V2 & 0x01) << 3 | (ctx->raw.evex.aaa & 0x07) << 0 )); return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisEmitXOP(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(ctx, 0x8F)); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte( ctx, (ctx->raw.xop.R & 0x01) << 7 | (ctx->raw.xop.X & 0x01) << 6 | (ctx->raw.xop.B & 0x01) << 5 | (ctx->raw.xop.m_mmmm & 0x1F) << 0 )); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte( ctx, (ctx->raw.xop.W & 0x01) << 7 | (ctx->raw.xop.vvvv & 0x0F) << 3 | (ctx->raw.xop.L & 0x01) << 2 | (ctx->raw.xop.pp & 0x03) << 0 )); return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisEmitModRM(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte( ctx, (ctx->raw.modrm.mod & 0x03) << 6 | (ctx->raw.modrm.reg & 0x07) << 3 | (ctx->raw.modrm.rm & 0x07) << 0 )); return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisEmitSIB(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte( ctx, (ctx->raw.sib.scale & 0x03) << 6 | (ctx->raw.sib.index & 0x07) << 3 | (ctx->raw.sib.base & 0x07) << 0 )); return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Preparation functions. Parse encoder request, determine required bytes and prefixes. */ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static ZydisStatus ZydisPrepareOpcode(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx->matchingDef); ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx->req); // Put opcode map prefix(es), if required. switch (ctx->req->encoding) { case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_DEFAULT: case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_3DNOW: switch (ctx->matchingInsn->opcodeMap) { case ZYDIS_OPCODE_MAP_0F: ctx->opcodeMapPrefix[ctx->opcodeMapPrefixLen++] = 0x0F; break; case ZYDIS_OPCODE_MAP_0F38: ctx->opcodeMapPrefix[ctx->opcodeMapPrefixLen++] = 0x0F; ctx->opcodeMapPrefix[ctx->opcodeMapPrefixLen++] = 0x38; break; case ZYDIS_OPCODE_MAP_0F3A: ctx->opcodeMapPrefix[ctx->opcodeMapPrefixLen++] = 0x0F; ctx->opcodeMapPrefix[ctx->opcodeMapPrefixLen++] = 0x3A; break; case ZYDIS_OPCODE_MAP_DEFAULT: break; // Nothing to do. default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } break; case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_VEX: ctx->raw.vex.m_mmmm = ctx->matchingInsn->opcodeMap; ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx->raw.vex.m_mmmm <= 0x03); break; case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_EVEX: ctx->raw.evex.mm = ctx->matchingInsn->opcodeMap; ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx->raw.evex.mm <= 0x03); break; case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_XOP: ctx->raw.xop.m_mmmm = ctx->matchingInsn->opcodeMap - ZYDIS_OPCODE_MAP_XOP8 + 0x08; ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx->raw.xop.m_mmmm >= 0x08); ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx->raw.xop.m_mmmm <= 0x0B); break; default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisPrepareRegOperand(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx, ZydisRegister reg, char topBitLoc) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); int16_t regID = ZydisRegisterGetId(reg); if (regID == -1) return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; uint8_t lowerBits = (regID & 0x07) >> 0; uint8_t topBit = (regID & 0x08) >> 3; switch (topBitLoc) { case 'B': ctx->raw.modrm.rm = lowerBits; break; case 'R': ctx->raw.modrm.reg = lowerBits; break; case 'X': ctx->raw.sib.index = lowerBits; break; default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } // No top bit? Quick exit. if (!topBit) return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; switch (ctx->req->encoding) { case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_DEFAULT: case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_3DNOW: switch (topBitLoc) { case 'B': ctx->raw.rex.B = topBit; break; case 'R': ctx->raw.rex.R = topBit; break; case 'X': ctx->raw.rex.X = topBit; break; default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } if (topBit) ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REX; break; case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_VEX: switch (topBitLoc) { case 'B': ctx->raw.vex.B = topBit; break; case 'R': ctx->raw.vex.R = topBit; break; case 'X': ctx->raw.vex.X = topBit; break; default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } break; case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_XOP: switch (topBitLoc) { case 'B': ctx->raw.xop.B = topBit; break; case 'R': ctx->raw.xop.R = topBit; break; case 'X': ctx->raw.xop.X = topBit; break; default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } break; case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_EVEX: switch (topBitLoc) { case 'B': ctx->raw.evex.B = topBit; break; case 'R': ctx->raw.evex.R = topBit; break; case 'X': ctx->raw.evex.X = topBit; break; default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } break; default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisBool ZydisIsBPReg(ZydisRegister reg) { return reg == ZYDIS_REGISTER_BPL || reg == ZYDIS_REGISTER_BP || reg == ZYDIS_REGISTER_EBP || reg == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RBP; } static ZydisBool ZydisIsSPReg(ZydisRegister reg) { return reg == ZYDIS_REGISTER_SPL || reg == ZYDIS_REGISTER_SP || reg == ZYDIS_REGISTER_ESP || reg == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RSP; } static ZydisBool ZydisIsIPReg(ZydisRegister reg) { return reg == ZYDIS_REGISTER_IP || reg == ZYDIS_REGISTER_EIP || reg == ZYDIS_REGISTER_RIP; } static ZydisBool ZydisIsStackReg(ZydisRegister reg) { return ZydisIsSPReg(reg) || ZydisIsBPReg(reg); } static ZydisStatus ZydisPrepareSegmentPrefix(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx, ZydisRegister segment, ZydisRegister base) { // Segment prefix required? switch (segment) { case ZYDIS_REGISTER_ES: ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_ES; break; case ZYDIS_REGISTER_SS: if (!ZydisIsStackReg(base)) { ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_SS; } break; case ZYDIS_REGISTER_CS: ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_CS; break; case ZYDIS_REGISTER_DS: if (ZydisIsStackReg(base)) { ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_DS; } break; case ZYDIS_REGISTER_FS: ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_FS; break; case ZYDIS_REGISTER_GS: ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SEGMENT_GS; break; default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO: Better status. } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisPrepareMemoryOperand(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx, ZydisEncoderOperand* operand, const ZydisOperandDefinition* operandDef) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx->req); ZYDIS_ASSERT(operand); ZYDIS_ASSERT(operandDef); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisPrepareSegmentPrefix(ctx, operand->mem.segment, operand->mem.base)); // Absolute memory access? Special case. if (operand->mem.base == ZYDIS_REGISTER_NONE) { ctx->disp = operand->mem.disp; ctx->dispBitSize = 32; // In 32 bit mode, ModRM allows for a shortcut here. if (ctx->req->machineMode == 32) { ctx->raw.modrm.mod = 0x00; ctx->raw.modrm.rm = 0x05 /* memory */; } // In AMD64 mode, we have to build a special SIB. else { ctx->raw.modrm.mod = 0x00; ctx->raw.modrm.rm = 0x04 /* SIB */; ctx->raw.sib.index = 0x04 /* none */; ctx->raw.sib.scale = 0x00 /* * 1 */; ctx->raw.sib.base = 0x05; ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SIB; } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } // rIP relative addressing? Special case. if (ZydisIsIPReg(operand->mem.base)) { // rIP addressing is only available since AMD64. if (ctx->req->machineMode != 64) { return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO } // Only available with either EIP or RIP, not with IP. if (operand->mem.base == ZYDIS_REGISTER_IP) { return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO } ctx->disp = operand->mem.disp; ctx->dispBitSize = 32; ctx->raw.modrm.mod = 0x00; ctx->raw.modrm.rm = 0x05 /* RIP relative mem */; if (operand->mem.base == ZYDIS_REGISTER_EIP) { ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_ADDRESSSIZE; } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } // Process base register. ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisPrepareRegOperand(ctx, operand->mem.base, 'B')); // Address size prefix required? ZydisRegisterClass baseRegClass = ZydisRegisterGetClass(operand->mem.base); switch (baseRegClass) { case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_GPR16: switch (ctx->req->machineMode) { case 16: break; // Nothing to do. case 32: ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_ADDRESSSIZE; break; case 64: // AMD64 doesn't allow for 16 bit addressing. return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; // TODO } break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_GPR32: switch (ctx->req->machineMode) { case 16: return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO case 32: break; // Nothing to do. case 64: ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_ADDRESSSIZE; default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; // TODO } break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_GPR64: if (ctx->req->machineMode != 64) { return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO } break; default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; // TODO } // SIB byte required? rSP can only be encoded with SIB. if (operand->mem.index || operand->mem.scale || ZydisIsSPReg(operand->mem.base)) { // Translate scale to SIB format. switch (operand->mem.scale) { case 0: // We take 0 (uninitialized, 0 from memset) as * 1. case 1: ctx->raw.sib.scale = 0x00; break; case 2: ctx->raw.sib.scale = 0x01; break; case 4: ctx->raw.sib.scale = 0x02; break; case 8: ctx->raw.sib.scale = 0x03; break; default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO } // Move base register info to SIB. ctx->raw.sib.base = ctx->raw.modrm.rm; ctx->raw.modrm.rm = 0x04 /* SIB */; // Process index register. if (operand->mem.index != ZYDIS_REGISTER_NONE) { // Base and index register must be of same register class, verify. if (ZydisRegisterGetClass(operand->mem.index) != baseRegClass) { return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO } ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisPrepareRegOperand(ctx, operand->mem.index, 'X')); } else { ctx->raw.sib.index = 0x04 /* no index */; } ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SIB; } // Has displacement or is rBP and we have no SIB? // rBP can't be ModRM-encoded without a disp. if (operand->mem.disp || (!(ctx->req->attributes & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SIB) && ZydisIsBPReg(operand->mem.base))) { ctx->dispBitSize = 32; ctx->raw.modrm.mod = 0x02 /* 32 bit disp */; ctx->disp = operand->mem.disp; } // No displacement. else { ctx->raw.modrm.mod = 0x00 /* no disp */; } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisPrepareOperand(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx, ZydisEncoderOperand* operand, const ZydisOperandDefinition* operandDef) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); ZYDIS_ASSERT(operand); ZYDIS_ASSERT(operandDef); ZYDIS_ASSERT(operandDef->type != ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_IMPLICIT_REG); ZYDIS_ASSERT(operandDef->type != ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_IMPLICIT_MEM); ZYDIS_ASSERT(operandDef->type != ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_IMPLICIT_IMM1); switch (operandDef->op.encoding) { case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_NONE: { // For some encodings, we have to switch on the sem op type. if (operandDef->type == ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_MOFFS) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisPrepareSegmentPrefix( ctx, operand->mem.segment, ZYDIS_REGISTER_NONE )); ctx->imms[0] = operand->mem.disp; ctx->immBitSizes[0] = operand->mem.dispSize; } } break; case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_MODRM_REG: { ZYDIS_ASSERT(!ctx->raw.modrm.reg); ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisPrepareRegOperand(ctx, operand->reg, 'R')); } break; case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_MODRM_RM: { ZYDIS_ASSERT(!ctx->raw.modrm.mod); ZYDIS_ASSERT(!ctx->raw.modrm.rm); ZYDIS_ASSERT(!ctx->raw.sib.base); ZYDIS_ASSERT(!ctx->raw.sib.index); ZYDIS_ASSERT(!ctx->raw.sib.scale); // Memory operand? if (operand->type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisPrepareMemoryOperand(ctx, operand, operandDef)); } // Nope, register. else if (operand->type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_REGISTER) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisPrepareRegOperand(ctx, operand->reg, 'B')); ctx->raw.modrm.mod = 0x03 /* reg */; } ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_MODRM; break; } case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_OPCODE: { int16_t reg = ZydisRegisterGetId(operand->reg); if (reg == -1) return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; ctx->raw.opcode += reg & 0x07; ctx->raw.rex.B = (reg & 0x08) >> 3; if (ctx->raw.rex.B) ctx->derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REX; break; } case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_NDSNDD: { int16_t reg = ZydisRegisterGetId(operand->reg); if (reg == -1) return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; // TODO: Conditional assignment instead? ctx->raw.vex.vvvv = (reg & 0x0F); ctx->raw.xop.vvvv = (reg & 0x0F); ctx->raw.evex.vvvv = (reg & 0x0F); break; } case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_MASK: return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; break; // TODO case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_IS4: { ctx->immBitSizes[0] = 8; ctx->imms[0] |= operand->imm.u & 0x0F; break; } // TODO //case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_IS4: //{ // ctx->immBitSizes[0] = 8; // ctx->imms[0] |= (operand->imm.u & 0x0F) << 4; // break; //} case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_SIMM8: case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_UIMM8: case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_SIMM16: case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_UIMM16: case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_SIMM32: case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_UIMM32: case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_UIMM64: case ZYDIS_OPERAND_ENCODING_SIMM64: { uint8_t immIdx = ctx->immBitSizes[0] ? 1 : 0; ctx->immBitSizes[immIdx] = operand->immSize; ctx->imms[immIdx] = operand->imm.u; break; } default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisPrepareMandatoryPrefixes(ZydisEncoderContext* ctx) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); // Is a prefix mandatory? 0x00 is a sentinel value for `None` in the table. uint8_t prefix = ctx->matchingInsn->mandatoryPrefix; if (prefix != 0x00) { switch (ctx->req->encoding) { case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_DEFAULT: case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_3DNOW: ctx->emitMandatoryPrefix = ZYDIS_TRUE; ctx->mandatoryPrefix = prefix; break; case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_VEX: ctx->raw.vex.pp = prefix; break; case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_EVEX: ctx->raw.evex.pp = prefix; break; case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_XOP: ctx->raw.xop.pp = prefix; break; default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisDeriveSemanticOperandTypeMask( ZydisEncoderContext* ctx, const ZydisEncoderOperand* op, ZydisSemanticOperandTypeMask* mask) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(op); ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); ZYDIS_ASSERT(mask); switch (op->type) { case ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_REGISTER: switch (ZydisRegisterGetClass(op->reg)) { case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_GPR8: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_GPR8; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_GPR16: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_GPR16 | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_GPR16_32_32 | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_GPR16_32_32; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_GPR32: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_GPR32 | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_GPR16_32_64 | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_GPR32_32_64 | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_GPR16_32_32; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_GPR64: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_GPR64 | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_GPR16_32_64 | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_GPR32_32_64; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_X87: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_FPR; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_MMX: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_MMX; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_XMM: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_XMM; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_YMM: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_YMM; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_ZMM: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_ZMM; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_FLAGS: case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_IP: return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_SEGMENT: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_SREG; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_TEST: // TODO ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_CONTROL: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_CR; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_DEBUG: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_DR; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_MASK: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_MASK; break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_BOUND: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_BND; break; default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } *mask |= ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_IMPLICIT_REG; break; case ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_MEM | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_MEM_VSIBX | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_MEM_VSIBY | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_MEM_VSIBZ | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_IMPLICIT_MEM; break; case ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_POINTER: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_PTR; break; case ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_IMMEDIATE: *mask = 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_IMM | 1 << ZYDIS_SEMANTIC_OPTYPE_IMPLICIT_IMM1; break; default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } static ZydisStatus ZydisFindMatchingDef( ZydisEncoderContext* ctx, const ZydisEncoderRequest* req) { ZYDIS_ASSERT(ctx); ZYDIS_ASSERT(req); // Translate requested mode to flags. uint8_t modeFlag; switch (req->encoding) { case 16: modeFlag = 0x01; break; case 32: modeFlag = 0x02; break; case 64: modeFlag = 0x04; break; default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO } // Walk list of requested operands, derive possible encodings // and perform additional sanity checks. ZydisSemanticOperandTypeMask semOperandTypeMasks[ZYDIS_ENCODER_MAX_OPERANDS]; ZydisBool requireOperandSizeOverride = ZYDIS_FALSE; //ZydisBool requireAddressSizeOverride = ZYDIS_FALSE; for (uint8_t i = 0; i < req->operandCount; ++i) { const ZydisEncoderOperand* curReqOperand = req->operands + i; if (curReqOperand->type == ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_REGISTER) { switch (ZydisRegisterGetClass(curReqOperand->reg)) { case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_GPR16: switch (req->machineMode) { case 16: break; // Nothing to do. case 32: case 64: requireOperandSizeOverride = ZYDIS_TRUE; break; default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; } break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_GPR32: switch (req->machineMode) { case 16: return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; case 32: case 64: break; // Nothing to do. default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; } break; case ZYDIS_REGCLASS_GPR64: switch (req->machineMode) { case 16: case 32: return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; case 64: break; default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; } break; default: ; // Don't care. } } ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisDeriveSemanticOperandTypeMask( ctx, req->operands + i, semOperandTypeMasks + i )); } // Walk list of candidates. const ZydisEncodableInstruction* insns = NULL; uint8_t insnCount = ZydisGetEncodableInstructions(req->mnemonic, &insns); if (!insnCount) return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // TODO ZYDIS_ASSERT(insns); for (const ZydisEncodableInstruction *candidateInsn = insns, *insnsEnd = insns + insnCount ; candidateInsn < insnsEnd ; ++candidateInsn) { if (!(candidateInsn->mode & modeFlag)) goto _nextInsn; const ZydisInstructionDefinition* candidateDef = NULL; ZydisGetInstructionDefinition( candidateInsn->encoding, insns->definitionReference, &candidateDef); ZydisOperandDefinition* candidateOperands = NULL; uint8_t defOperandCount = ZydisGetOperandDefinitions(candidateDef, &candidateOperands); if (req->operandCount > defOperandCount) goto _nextInsn; const ZydisOperandDefinition* curDefOperand = candidateOperands; for (uint8_t k = 0; k < req->operandCount; ++k) { curDefOperand = candidateOperands + k; const ZydisEncoderOperand* curReqOperand = req->operands + k; // Visible operands are always in the front. When we encounter the first hidden // operand in the definition and haven't exhausted the request operands yet, // it's safe to assume this isn't the instruction we're looking for. if (curDefOperand->visibility == ZYDIS_OPERAND_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN) goto _nextInsn; if (curDefOperand->type != curReqOperand->type) continue; // blah blah more checks } // Make sure we compared either all operands or the remaining operands are hidden. if (req->operandCount != defOperandCount && (curDefOperand + 1)->visibility != ZYDIS_OPERAND_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN) { goto _nextInsn; } // Still here? Looks like we found our instruction, then! ctx->matchingInsn = candidateInsn; ctx->matchingDef = candidateDef; ctx->matchingOperandCount = req->operandCount; return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; _nextInsn: ; } return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* ============================================================================================== */ /* Implementation of public functions */ /* ============================================================================================== */ #ifdef ZYDIS_ENABLE_FEATURE_DECODER ZydisStatus ZydisEncoderDecodedInstructionToRequest( const ZydisDecodedInstruction* in, ZydisEncoderRequest* out) { if (!in || !out || in->operandCount > ZYDIS_ARRAY_SIZE(in->operands)) { return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; } out->machineMode = in->machineMode; out->mnemonic = in->mnemonic; out->attributes = in->attributes; out->encoding = in->encoding; out->operandCount = 0; for (uint8_t iIn = 0 ; iIn < in->operandCount && out->operandCount < ZYDIS_ARRAY_SIZE(out->operands) ; ++iIn) { const ZydisDecodedOperand* inOp = in->operands + iIn; ZydisEncoderOperand* outOp = out->operands + out->operandCount; if (inOp->visibility == ZYDIS_OPERAND_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN) continue; outOp->type = inOp->type; switch (inOp->type) { case ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_REGISTER: outOp->reg = inOp->reg; break; case ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY: outOp->mem.segment = inOp->mem.segment; outOp->mem.base = inOp->mem.base; outOp->mem.index = inOp->mem.index; outOp->mem.scale = inOp->mem.scale; outOp->mem.disp = inOp->mem.disp.value; outOp->mem.dispSize = in->raw.disp.size; break; case ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_POINTER: outOp->ptr.segment = inOp->ptr.segment; outOp->ptr.offset = inOp->ptr.offset; break; case ZYDIS_OPERAND_TYPE_IMMEDIATE: outOp->imm.u = inOp->imm.value.u; outOp->immSize = in->raw.imm->size; break; default: return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; } ++out->operandCount; } return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } #endif ZydisStatus ZydisEncoderEncodeInstruction(void* buffer, size_t* bufferLen, const ZydisEncoderRequest* request) { if (!request || !bufferLen || request->operandCount > ZYDIS_ARRAY_SIZE(request->operands)) { return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; } if (!buffer || !*bufferLen) return ZYDIS_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER_SIZE; ZydisEncoderContext ctx; memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx)); ctx.buffer = (uint8_t*)buffer; ctx.bufferLen = *bufferLen; ctx.writeOffs = 0; ctx.req = request; *bufferLen = 0; // Mask out attributes that can't be set explicitly by user. ctx.derivedAttrs = request->attributes & ZYDIS_USER_ENCODABLE_ATTRIB_MASK; // Search matching instruction, collect information about what needs to be // encoded, what prefixes are required, etc. ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisFindMatchingDef(&ctx, request)); ctx.raw.opcode = ctx.matchingInsn->opcode; // Check compatibility of requested prefixes to found instruction. // TODO //if (ctx.req->attributes) //{ // for (size_t i = 0; i < ZYDIS_ARRAY_SIZE(prefixAcceptMap); ++i) // { // if (ctx.req->attributes & prefixAcceptMap[i].has && // !(ctx.matchingDef->attribs & prefixAcceptMap[i].accepts)) // { // // TODO: Better status. // return ZYDIS_STATUS_IMPOSSIBLE_INSTRUCTION; // } // } //} // Determine required prefixes. switch (ctx.matchingInsn->encoding) { case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_EVEX: ctx.derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_EVEX; break; case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_VEX: ctx.derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_VEX; break; case ZYDIS_INSTRUCTION_ENCODING_XOP: ctx.derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_XOP; break; default: ZYDIS_UNREACHABLE; } // Prepare prefix bits. ctx.raw.evex.B = ctx.matchingInsn->evexB; ctx.raw.evex.L = ctx.matchingInsn->vectorLength & 0x01; ctx.raw.evex.L2 = ctx.matchingInsn->vectorLength & 0x02; ctx.raw.vex.L = ctx.matchingInsn->vectorLength & 0x01; if (ctx.matchingInsn->rexW) { ctx.raw.rex.W = 1; ctx.derivedAttrs |= ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REX; } ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisPrepareMandatoryPrefixes(&ctx)); // Prepare opcode. ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisPrepareOpcode(&ctx)); // Some instructions have additional opcode bits encoded in ModRM.reg. if (ctx.matchingInsn->modrmReg != 0xFF) { ctx.raw.modrm.reg = ctx.matchingInsn->modrmReg; } // Analyze and prepare operands. if (request->operandCount > ZYDIS_ARRAY_SIZE(request->operands)) { // TODO: Better status? return ZYDIS_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER; } //for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx.matchingDef->operandCount; ++i) //{ // ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisPrepareOperand( // &ctx, &request->operands[i], // &ctx.matchingDef->operands[i] // )); //} // Do actual encoding work. ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitLegacyPrefixes(&ctx)); if (ctx.derivedAttrs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_REX ) ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitREX (&ctx)); if (ctx.derivedAttrs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_VEX ) ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitVEX (&ctx)); if (ctx.derivedAttrs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_EVEX ) ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitEVEX (&ctx)); if (ctx.derivedAttrs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_XOP ) ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitXOP (&ctx)); if (ctx.emitMandatoryPrefix) ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(&ctx, ctx.mandatoryPrefix)); for (uint8_t i = 0; i < ctx.opcodeMapPrefixLen; ++i) { ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(&ctx, ctx.opcodeMapPrefix[i])); } ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitByte(&ctx, ctx.raw.opcode)); if (ctx.derivedAttrs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_MODRM) ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitModRM(&ctx)); if (ctx.derivedAttrs & ZYDIS_ATTRIB_HAS_SIB ) ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitSIB (&ctx)); if (ctx.dispBitSize ) ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitImm(&ctx, ctx.disp, ctx.dispBitSize )); if (ctx.immBitSizes[0]) ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitImm(&ctx, ctx.imms[0], ctx.immBitSizes[0])); if (ctx.immBitSizes[1]) ZYDIS_CHECK(ZydisEmitImm(&ctx, ctx.imms[1], ctx.immBitSizes[1])); *bufferLen = ctx.writeOffs; return ZYDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS; } /* ============================================================================================== */